双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对肝硬化自发性腹膜炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对肝硬化自发性腹膜炎（SBP）患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法选取乙肝后肝硬化SBP患者68例,随机分为观察组和对照组各34例。两组患者均予以保肝利尿、降血氨、降低门脉压、抗感染、补充白蛋白和营养支持等常规治疗。观察组患者加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片2.0 g/次,2次/d,连用2周。对照组患者除不使用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片余治疗同观察组。观察两组患者治疗前后血清DAO和D-Lac水平的变化,并比较临床疗效。结果治疗2周后,两组患者血清DAO和D-Lac水平均较前明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组下降值明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时观察组患者的临床总有效率（94.12%）明显高于对照组（73.53%）（χ2=5.31,P〈0.05）。结论双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片辅助治疗肝硬化SBP患者具有较好疗效,具有良好肠黏膜屏障保护功能。     

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗二线及以上治疗晚期非鳞型非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：考察贝伐珠单抗联合化疗二线及以上治疗晚期非鳞型非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法：28 例经病理组织学或细胞学证实的晚期非鳞型非小细胞肺癌患者接受贝伐珠单抗联合化疗的二线及以上治疗,其间,贝伐珠单抗所用剂量为7.5 mg ? kg -1,在化疗第1 d 静滴给予;化疗方案包括培美曲塞加或不加铂类、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇加或不加铂类及替吉奥以及吉西他滨/ 紫杉醇/ 多西紫杉醇加或不加铂类。各治疗方案每3 周为1 个周期,持续4 个周期,然后维持治疗,直至受试者不能耐受或疾病进展。按RECIST 1.1 版评价疗效,按NCI-CTC 4.0版评价不良反应。结果：28 例受试者中,无完全缓解病例,部分缓解11 例(39.3％ ),稳定16 例（57.1％ ),进展1 例(3.6％ );客观缓解率为39.3％ (11/28),疾病控制率为96.4％ (27/28);中位无进展生存期为5 个月,中位总生存期为10 个月。亚组数据分析可见,贝伐珠单抗联合化疗各方案亚组中,培美曲塞方案受试者的中位无进展生存期为6 个月,疗效最好,较其他各方案亚组有统计学差异（P=0.028）。安全性数据分析显示,与贝伐珠单抗相关的主要不良反应有Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ度高血压以及Ⅰ / Ⅱ度蛋白尿/ 出血/ 发热。结论：贝伐珠单抗联合化疗用于二线及以上治疗晚期非鳞型非小细胞肺癌的疗效较单纯化疗有一定改善,且毒副反应可耐受,对经济上可以接受的患者值得推荐使用。     

基于Solexa高通量测序的香菇C_(91-3)功能基因的挖掘和开发

香菇是全球人工种植最为普遍的食用菌,近年来,国内外的研究者对香菇进行了深入的研究,发现香菇在预防、治疗恶性肿瘤方面都具有重要的药用价值。尤其是香菇多糖制剂现已正式作为辅助化疗药物应用于临床。但是对香菇中蛋白质生物学活性的研究以及从蛋白质水平去发掘其抗肿瘤活性的功能基因却鲜有报道。本文拟就香菇的基因组、转录组及功能基因挖掘和开发现状进行简要论述。     

Purification,characterization and partial sequence of a pro‐inflammatory lectin from seeds of Canavalia oxyphylla Standl. & L. O. Williams

Recent studies have shown that lectins are promising tools for use in various biotechnological processes, as well as studies of various pathological mechanisms, isolation, and characterization of glycoconjugates and understanding the mechanisms underlying pathological mechanisms conditions, including the inflammatory response. This study aimed to purify, characterize physicochemically, and predict the biological activity of Canavalia oxyphylla lectin (CoxyL) in vitro and in vivo. CoxyL was purified by a single‐step affinity chromatography in Sephadex® G‐50 column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the pure lectin consists of a major band of 30 kDa (α‐chain) and two minor components (β‐chain and γ‐chain) of 16 and 13 kDa, respectively. These data were further confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, suggesting that CoxyL is a typical ConA‐like lectin. In comparison with the average molecular mass of α‐chain, the partial amino acid sequence obtained corresponds to approximately 45% of the total CoxyL sequence. CoxyL presented hemagglutinating activity that was specifically inhibited by monosaccharides (D‐glucose, D‐mannose, and α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside) and glycoproteins (ovalbumin and fetuin). Moreover, CoxyL was shown to be thermostable, exhibiting full hemagglutinating activity up to 60°C, and it was pH‐sensitive for 1 h, exhibiting maximal activity at pH 7.0. CoxyL caused toxicity to Artemia nauplii and induced paw edema in rats. This biological activity highlights the importance of lectins as important tools to better understand the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Increased predation of nutrient-enriched aposematic prey

Avian predators readily learn to associate the warning coloration of aposematic prey with the toxic effects of ingesting them, but they do not necessarily exclude aposematic prey from their diets. By eating aposematic prey ‘educated’ predators are thought to be trading-off the benefits of gaining nutrients with the costs of eating toxins. However, while we know that the toxin content of aposematic prey affects the foraging decisions made by avian predators, the extent to which the nutritional content of toxic prey affects predators'' decisions to eat them remains to be tested. Here, we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) increase their intake of a toxic prey type when the nutritional content is artificially increased, and decrease their intake when nutritional enrichment is ceased. This clearly demonstrates that birds can detect the nutritional content of toxic prey by post-ingestive feedback, and use this information in their foraging decisions, raising new perspectives on the evolution of prey defences. Nutritional differences between individuals could result in equally toxic prey being unequally predated, and might explain why some species undergo ontogenetic shifts in defence strategies. Furthermore, the nutritional value of prey will likely have a significant impact on the evolutionary dynamics of mimicry systems.     

Exploring the multiscale signaling behavior of phototropin1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a full‐residue space kinetic Monte Carlo molecular dynamics technique

Devising analysis tools for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of complex enzymes has been a challenging task for many decades. It generally requires the determination of the structural‐dynamical information of protein solvent systems far from equilibrium over multiple length and time scales, which is still difficult both theoretically and experimentally. To cope with the problem, we introduce a full‐residue space multiscale simulation method based on a combination of the kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques, in which the rates of the rate‐determining processes are evaluated from a biomolecular forcefield on the fly during the simulation run by taking into account the full space of residues. To demonstrate its reliability and efficiency, we explore the light‐induced functional behavior of the full‐length phototropin1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr‐phot1) and its various subdomains. Our results demonstrate that in the dark state the light oxygen voltage‐2‐Jα (LOV2‐Jα) photoswitch inhibits the enzymatic activity of the kinase, whereas the LOV1‐Jα photoswitch controls the dimerization with the LOV2 domain. This leads to the repulsion of the LOV1‐LOV2 linker out of the interface region between both LOV domains, which results in a positively charged surface suitable for cell–membrane interaction. By contrast, in the light state, we observe that the distance between both LOV domains is increased and the LOV1‐LOV2 linker forms a helix–turn–helix (HTH) motif, which enables gene control through nucleotide binding. Finally, we find that the kinase is activated through the disruption of the Jα‐helix from the LOV2 domain, which is followed by a stretching of the activation loop (A‐loop) and broadening of the catalytic cleft of the kinase. Proteins 2014; 82:2018–2040. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

麦田根际土壤反硝化作用对O_3熏气和太阳辐射减弱的响应

为研究臭氧浓度升高和太阳辐射减弱复合背景下,麦田土壤反硝化作用及N2O排放的变化,采用开顶箱(OTC)法和遮光网技术,设置3个臭氧浓度梯度及3个辐射减弱梯度,连续4a对小麦生长季麦田土壤进行臭氧浓度增加太阳辐射减弱以及它们的复合作用的试验。采用MPN(最大或然数)法测定反硝细菌的数量,用气相色谱法测定反硝化强度。结果显示反硝化细菌数量和反硝化强度受小麦生长发育的影响,在小麦成熟期收割后土壤反硝化细菌数量和反硝化强度增加得特别明显。O3连续作用3个生长季后,以及太阳辐射减弱处理,土壤反硝化菌和反硝化强度显著升高,N2O排放量显著增加。减弱的太阳辐射与增加的O3复合作用,在小麦的每个生育期均显著促进了反硝化菌数量增加和反硝化强度增强,促进率显著高于O3和遮荫的单独作用。结果说明,O3浓度增加以及太阳辐射减弱对土壤反硝化菌和反硝化强度均有一定的促进作用,减弱的太阳辐射与高浓度的O3两因素之间存在协作关系,太阳辐射减弱有利O3的吸收,增加O3伤害,促进反硝化过程。     

无细胞百日咳工艺中PO4^3—影响DTaP免疫效力分析

用0.02mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液和不用磷酸盐缓冲液透析生产无细胞百日咳（aP）,按《2000年版生物制品规程》制备和检定氢氧化铝吸附无细胞百日咳、白喉、破伤风联合疫苗（DTaP）。发现用磷酸盐缓冲液和不用磷酸盐缓冲液透析生产aP组成DTaP免疫效力差异非常显著,后者100％（10／10）合格,前者合格率只有27％（3／11）,用钼兰法测定DTaP中PO4^3-离子浓度。结果表明后者的PO4^3-浓度只是前者的1／10,PO4^3-依次影响白喉、破伤风、百日咳免疫效价。     

氮锌硒肥配合施用对白三叶的固氮作用与氮转移的影响

在湖北省宜昌县百里荒草场山地黄棕壤上配合施用氮锌硒肥,研究其对混播白三叶,混播黑麦草及单播黑麦草的干重及混播白三叶的固氮作用和氮转移的影响,试验结果表明：（1）氮锌硒肥配合施用,混播黑麦草的干重均高于相应处理的单播黑麦草,混播牧草和单播黑麦草重最高的处理都是N46Zn0Se5,其干重辚25．38 g／盆和19．93g/盆。（2）施氮对混播白三叶,混播黑麦草及单播黑麦草的生长有明显的促进作用,施锌,硒对混播白三叶,混播黑麦草及单播黑麦草的生长作用不明显。（3）混播白三叶氮素的主要来源是固氮作用,占全氮产量的57．6000％－77．258％。（4）混播白三叶固定氮的转移量只占混播黑麦草的全氮产量的0．316％－12．251％,通过正交方差分析发现,适量氮肥（N30mg/kg)促进固定氮的转移,高量氮肥（N46mg/kg)抑制固定氮的转移。